diff --git a/client/src/app/chat-page.component.html b/client/src/app/chat-page.component.html
index 54e90b4..2c5e3c2 100644
--- a/client/src/app/chat-page.component.html
+++ b/client/src/app/chat-page.component.html
@@ -235,17 +235,14 @@
                         <a class="bubble-download" [href]="entry.downloadUrl" [download]="entry.fileName">Download</a>
                       }
 
-                      @if (hasPdfPreview(entry)) {
+                      @if (hasDocumentPreviewImage(entry)) {
                         <div class="bubble-preview">
                           <div class="bubble-preview-label">Preview</div>
-                          @defer (on viewport) {
-                            <app-office-pdf-preview
-                              [src]="pdfPreviewUrl(entry)!"
-                              [fileName]="entry.fileName ?? 'document.pdf'"
-                            ></app-office-pdf-preview>
-                          } @placeholder {
-                            <div class="bubble-preview-placeholder">Loading preview…</div>
-                          }
+                          <img
+                            class="bubble-preview-image"
+                            [src]="documentPreviewImageUrl(entry)"
+                            [alt]="entry.fileName || 'Document preview'"
+                          />
                         </div>
                       }
                     </div>
diff --git a/client/src/app/chat-page.component.scss b/client/src/app/chat-page.component.scss
index 0c4253d..606f2d2 100644
--- a/client/src/app/chat-page.component.scss
+++ b/client/src/app/chat-page.component.scss
@@ -538,17 +538,14 @@
   opacity: 0.78;
 }
 
-.bubble-preview-placeholder {
-  display: grid;
-  place-items: center;
+.bubble-preview-image {
+  display: block;
   width: min(240px, 100%);
-  min-height: 320px;
-  padding: 1rem;
-  border: 1px dashed var(--input-border);
+  max-width: 100%;
+  height: auto;
+  border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
   border-radius: 1rem;
-  color: var(--page-text-soft);
-  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--surface-background) 85%, white);
-  text-align: center;
+  background: #fff;
 }
 
 .bubble-image,
diff --git a/client/src/app/chat-page.component.ts b/client/src/app/chat-page.component.ts
index 43ff54b..2c87342 100644
--- a/client/src/app/chat-page.component.ts
+++ b/client/src/app/chat-page.component.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { Component, computed, effect, ElementRef, inject, NgZone, OnDestroy, sig
 import { toSignal } from '@angular/core/rxjs-interop';
 import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
 import { ActivatedRoute, Router, RouterLink } from '@angular/router';
-import { OfficePdfPreviewComponent } from './office-pdf-preview.component';
 
 import { PeerCallModalComponent } from './peer-call-modal.component';
 import { ChatSessionService } from './chat-session.service';
@@ -17,7 +16,6 @@ import type { CallMode, ChatEntry, ConnectionState, PeerSummary } from './models
     FormsModule,
     RouterLink,
     JsonFileViewerComponent,
-    OfficePdfPreviewComponent,
     PeerCallModalComponent,
   ],
   templateUrl: './chat-page.component.html',
@@ -646,31 +644,20 @@ export class ChatPageComponent implements OnDestroy {
     );
   }
 
-  hasPdfPreview(entry: ChatEntry): boolean {
+  hasDocumentPreviewImage(entry: ChatEntry): boolean {
     return (
       entry.kind === 'file' &&
-      (
-        (
-          entry.previewMimeType === 'application/pdf' &&
-          !!entry.previewDownloadUrl
-        ) ||
-        (
-          !!entry.downloadUrl &&
-          (
-            entry.fileMimeType === 'application/pdf' ||
-            entry.fileName?.toLowerCase().endsWith('.pdf') === true
-          )
-        )
-      )
+      !!entry.previewDownloadUrl &&
+      (entry.previewMimeType?.startsWith('image/') ?? false)
     );
   }
 
-  pdfPreviewUrl(entry: ChatEntry): string | null {
-    if (!this.hasPdfPreview(entry)) {
+  documentPreviewImageUrl(entry: ChatEntry): string | null {
+    if (!this.hasDocumentPreviewImage(entry)) {
       return null;
     }
 
-    return entry.previewDownloadUrl ?? entry.downloadUrl ?? null;
+    return entry.previewDownloadUrl ?? null;
   }
 
   isPeerTyping(peerId: string): boolean {
diff --git a/client/src/app/chat-session.service.ts b/client/src/app/chat-session.service.ts
index 4fbd9b4..7728691 100644
--- a/client/src/app/chat-session.service.ts
+++ b/client/src/app/chat-session.service.ts
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ type PersistedChatEntryContent = {
   previewMimeType?: string;
 };
 
-type OfficePreviewResponse = {
+type DocumentPreviewImageResponse = {
   mimeType: string;
-  pdfBase64: string;
+  imageBase64: string;
 };
 
 type RuntimeEnv = {
@@ -1586,13 +1586,13 @@ export class ChatSessionService {
     let previewMimeType: string | undefined;
     let previewDownloadUrl: string | undefined;
 
-    if (transfer.kind === 'file' && this.isOfficeDocumentFile(transfer.name, transfer.mimeType)) {
-      const officePreview = await this.generateOfficeDocumentPreview(transfer.name, blob);
+    if (transfer.kind === 'file' && this.isPreviewableDocumentFile(transfer.name, transfer.mimeType)) {
+      const imagePreview = await this.generateDocumentPreviewImage(transfer.name, blob);
 
-      if (officePreview) {
-        previewBlob = officePreview.blob;
-        previewMimeType = officePreview.mimeType;
-        previewDownloadUrl = URL.createObjectURL(officePreview.blob);
+      if (imagePreview) {
+        previewBlob = imagePreview.blob;
+        previewMimeType = imagePreview.mimeType;
+        previewDownloadUrl = URL.createObjectURL(imagePreview.blob);
       }
     }
 
@@ -2287,7 +2287,7 @@ export class ChatSessionService {
           Uint8Array.from(entry.previewIv).buffer,
         );
         const previewBlob = new Blob([decryptedPreview], {
-          type: content.previewMimeType || 'application/pdf',
+          type: content.previewMimeType || 'image/png',
         });
         previewDownloadUrl = URL.createObjectURL(previewBlob);
       }
@@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ export class ChatSessionService {
       : undefined;
     const previewBlob = entry.previewBlob
       ? new Blob([await entry.previewBlob.arrayBuffer()], {
-        type: entry.previewMimeType || 'application/pdf',
+        type: entry.previewMimeType || 'image/png',
       })
       : undefined;
 
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ export class ChatSessionService {
     return new Blob([bytes], { type: mimeType });
   }
 
-  private async generateOfficeDocumentPreview(
+  private async generateDocumentPreviewImage(
     fileName: string,
     fileBlob: Blob,
   ): Promise<{ blob: Blob; mimeType: string } | null> {
@@ -2943,8 +2943,8 @@ export class ChatSessionService {
 
     try {
       const response = await firstValueFrom(
-        this.http.post<OfficePreviewResponse>(
-          `${this.serverUrl()}/api/files/office-preview`,
+        this.http.post<DocumentPreviewImageResponse>(
+          `${this.serverUrl()}/api/files/document-preview-image`,
           {
             fileName,
             mimeType: fileBlob.type || 'application/octet-stream',
@@ -2957,15 +2957,19 @@ export class ChatSessionService {
       );
 
       return {
-        blob: this.base64ToBlob(response.pdfBase64, response.mimeType),
+        blob: this.base64ToBlob(response.imageBase64, response.mimeType),
         mimeType: response.mimeType,
       };
     } catch (error) {
-      console.warn('Could not generate office document preview.', error);
+      console.warn('Could not generate document preview image.', error);
       return null;
     }
   }
 
+  private isPreviewableDocumentFile(fileName?: string, mimeType?: string): boolean {
+    return this.isOfficeDocumentFile(fileName, mimeType) || this.isPdfFile(fileName, mimeType);
+  }
+
   private isOfficeDocumentFile(fileName?: string, mimeType?: string): boolean {
     const normalizedName = fileName?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? '';
     const normalizedMimeType = mimeType?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? '';
@@ -2981,6 +2985,13 @@ export class ChatSessionService {
     return /\.(docx|xlsx|xslx|pptx)$/i.test(normalizedName);
   }
 
+  private isPdfFile(fileName?: string, mimeType?: string): boolean {
+    const normalizedName = fileName?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? '';
+    const normalizedMimeType = mimeType?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? '';
+
+    return normalizedMimeType === 'application/pdf' || normalizedName.endsWith('.pdf');
+  }
+
   private fileExtensionForMimeType(mimeType: string): string {
     const normalizedMimeType = mimeType.split(';', 1)[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() || 'application/octet-stream';
 
diff --git a/client/src/app/office-pdf-preview.component.scss b/client/src/app/office-pdf-preview.component.scss
deleted file mode 100644
index 91557e8..0000000
--- a/client/src/app/office-pdf-preview.component.scss
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-:host {
-  display: block;
-  width: min(240px, 100%);
-}
-
-.office-pdf-preview-shell {
-  width: min(240px, 100%);
-  overflow: hidden;
-  border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
-  border-radius: 1rem;
-  background: #fff;
-  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
-}
diff --git a/client/src/app/office-pdf-preview.component.ts b/client/src/app/office-pdf-preview.component.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6411639..0000000
--- a/client/src/app/office-pdf-preview.component.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';
-import { NgxExtendedPdfViewerModule } from 'ngx-extended-pdf-viewer';
-
-@Component({
-  selector: 'app-office-pdf-preview',
-  imports: [NgxExtendedPdfViewerModule],
-  template: `
-    <div class="office-pdf-preview-shell">
-      <ngx-extended-pdf-viewer
-        [src]="src"
-        [filenameForDownload]="fileName"
-        [height]="'320px'"
-        [page]="1"
-        [zoom]="'page-width'"
-        [showToolbar]="false"
-        [showSidebarButton]="false"
-        [showFindButton]="false"
-        [showPagingButtons]="false"
-        [showPageNumber]="false"
-        [showPageLabel]="false"
-        [showZoomButtons]="false"
-        [showZoomDropdown]="false"
-        [showPresentationModeButton]="false"
-        [showOpenFileButton]="false"
-        [showPrintButton]="false"
-        [showDownloadButton]="false"
-        [showSecondaryToolbarButton]="false"
-        [showRotateButton]="false"
-        [showRotateCwButton]="false"
-        [showRotateCcwButton]="false"
-        [showScrollingButtons]="false"
-        [showSpreadButton]="false"
-        [showPropertiesButton]="false"
-        [showHandToolButton]="false"
-        [showBorders]="false"
-        [textLayer]="false"
-      ></ngx-extended-pdf-viewer>
-    </div>
-  `,
-  styleUrl: './office-pdf-preview.component.scss',
-})
-export class OfficePdfPreviewComponent {
-  @Input({ required: true }) src!: string;
-  @Input() fileName = 'document.pdf';
-}
diff --git a/server/dist/index.js b/server/dist/index.js
index 699ab4f..4728ddd 100644
--- a/server/dist/index.js
+++ b/server/dist/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import crypto from 'node:crypto';
+import { execFile } from 'node:child_process';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
+import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { promisify, TextEncoder } from 'node:util';
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ const adminDeleteUserParamsSchema = z.object({
 const webBundleFileParamsSchema = z.object({
     '*': z.string().min(1),
 });
-const officePreviewSchema = z.object({
+const documentPreviewSchema = z.object({
     fileName: z.string().trim().min(1).max(256),
     mimeType: z.string().trim().min(1).max(256),
     fileBase64: z.string().min(1).max(96_000_000),
@@ -118,6 +120,7 @@ const webAuthnUserVerification = resolveWebAuthnUserVerification(process.env.WEB
 const frontendIndexPath = path.join(frontendDistPath, 'index.html');
 const hasFrontendBuild = fs.existsSync(frontendIndexPath);
 const convertOfficeDocument = promisify(libreOffice.convertWithOptions);
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
 const speechTranscriber = new SpeechTranscriber({
     serviceUrl: speechTranscriptionServiceUrl,
     language: speechTranscriptionLanguage,
@@ -469,32 +472,32 @@ app.get('/api/auth/session', async (request, reply) => {
         messageEncryptionKey: authContext.user.messageEncryptionKey,
     };
 });
-app.post('/api/files/office-preview', { bodyLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024 }, async (request, reply) => {
+app.post('/api/files/document-preview-image', { bodyLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024 }, async (request, reply) => {
     const authContext = await authenticateRequest(request, reply);
     if (!authContext) {
         return;
     }
-    const parsed = officePreviewSchema.safeParse(request.body);
+    const parsed = documentPreviewSchema.safeParse(request.body);
     if (!parsed.success) {
         return reply.code(400).send({
-            message: 'Invalid office preview payload.',
+            message: 'Invalid document preview payload.',
             issues: parsed.error.flatten(),
         });
     }
-    if (!isSupportedOfficeDocument(parsed.data.fileName, parsed.data.mimeType)) {
-        return reply.code(400).send({ message: 'Only DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX files can be previewed.' });
+    if (!isSupportedPreviewDocument(parsed.data.fileName, parsed.data.mimeType)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ message: 'Only PDF, DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX files can be previewed.' });
     }
     try {
-        const pdfBuffer = await convertOfficeDocumentToPdf(parsed.data.fileName, parsed.data.fileBase64);
+        const previewImageBuffer = await createDocumentPreviewImage(parsed.data.fileName, parsed.data.mimeType, parsed.data.fileBase64);
         return {
-            mimeType: 'application/pdf',
-            pdfBase64: pdfBuffer.toString('base64'),
+            mimeType: 'image/png',
+            imageBase64: previewImageBuffer.toString('base64'),
         };
     }
     catch (error) {
-        app.log.warn({ err: error, userId: authContext.user.id }, 'Office preview generation failed');
+        app.log.warn({ err: error, userId: authContext.user.id }, 'Document preview generation failed');
         return reply.code(422).send({
-            message: describeOfficePreviewFailure(error),
+            message: describeDocumentPreviewFailure(error),
         });
     }
 });
@@ -879,6 +882,40 @@ async function convertOfficeDocumentToPdf(fileName, fileBase64) {
     const normalizedFileName = normalizeOfficeDocumentFileName(fileName);
     return convertOfficeDocument(inputBuffer, '.pdf', undefined, { fileName: normalizedFileName });
 }
+async function createDocumentPreviewImage(fileName, mimeType, fileBase64) {
+    const normalizedMimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
+    const pdfBuffer = normalizedMimeType === 'application/pdf'
+        ? decodeBase64File(fileBase64, 'The uploaded PDF is empty.')
+        : await convertOfficeDocumentToPdf(fileName, fileBase64);
+    return renderPdfFirstPageToPng(pdfBuffer);
+}
+async function renderPdfFirstPageToPng(pdfBuffer) {
+    const tempDirectory = await fs.promises.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'privatechat-preview-'));
+    const pdfPath = path.join(tempDirectory, 'source.pdf');
+    const outputBasePath = path.join(tempDirectory, 'page-preview');
+    const imagePath = `${outputBasePath}.png`;
+    try {
+        await fs.promises.writeFile(pdfPath, pdfBuffer);
+        await execFileAsync('pdftoppm', ['-png', '-f', '1', '-singlefile', pdfPath, outputBasePath]);
+        return await fs.promises.readFile(imagePath);
+    }
+    finally {
+        await fs.promises.rm(tempDirectory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+}
+function decodeBase64File(fileBase64, emptyMessage) {
+    const inputBuffer = Buffer.from(fileBase64, 'base64');
+    if (inputBuffer.byteLength === 0) {
+        throw new Error(emptyMessage);
+    }
+    return inputBuffer;
+}
+function isSupportedPreviewDocument(fileName, mimeType) {
+    if (isPdfFile(fileName, mimeType)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return isSupportedOfficeDocument(fileName, mimeType);
+}
 function isSupportedOfficeDocument(fileName, mimeType) {
     const normalizedFileName = fileName.trim().toLowerCase();
     const normalizedMimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
@@ -889,17 +926,22 @@ function isSupportedOfficeDocument(fileName, mimeType) {
     }
     return /\.(docx|xlsx|xslx|pptx)$/i.test(normalizedFileName);
 }
+function isPdfFile(fileName, mimeType) {
+    const normalizedFileName = fileName.trim().toLowerCase();
+    const normalizedMimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
+    return normalizedMimeType === 'application/pdf' || normalizedFileName.endsWith('.pdf');
+}
 function normalizeOfficeDocumentFileName(fileName) {
     return fileName.trim().replace(/\.xslx$/i, '.xlsx');
 }
-function describeOfficePreviewFailure(error) {
+function describeDocumentPreviewFailure(error) {
     if (error && typeof error === 'object' && 'code' in error && error.code === 'ENOENT') {
-        return 'Office preview generation failed because LibreOffice is not installed on the server.';
+        return 'Document preview generation failed because a required conversion tool is missing on the server.';
     }
     if (error instanceof Error && error.message.trim()) {
-        return `Office preview generation failed: ${error.message}`;
+        return `Document preview generation failed: ${error.message}`;
     }
-    return 'Office preview generation failed.';
+    return 'Document preview generation failed.';
 }
 function createUser(input) {
     const createdAt = new Date().toISOString();
diff --git a/server/src/index.ts b/server/src/index.ts
index 447679f..b30cfc9 100644
--- a/server/src/index.ts
+++ b/server/src/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import crypto from 'node:crypto';
+import { execFile } from 'node:child_process';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
+import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { promisify, TextEncoder } from 'node:util';
@@ -272,7 +274,7 @@ const webBundleFileParamsSchema = z.object({
   '*': z.string().min(1),
 });
 
-const officePreviewSchema = z.object({
+const documentPreviewSchema = z.object({
   fileName: z.string().trim().min(1).max(256),
   mimeType: z.string().trim().min(1).max(256),
   fileBase64: z.string().min(1).max(96_000_000),
@@ -354,6 +356,7 @@ const webAuthnUserVerification = resolveWebAuthnUserVerification(
 const frontendIndexPath = path.join(frontendDistPath, 'index.html');
 const hasFrontendBuild = fs.existsSync(frontendIndexPath);
 const convertOfficeDocument = promisify(libreOffice.convertWithOptions);
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
 
 const speechTranscriber = new SpeechTranscriber(
   {
@@ -803,37 +806,41 @@ app.get('/api/auth/session', async (request, reply) => {
   };
 });
 
-app.post('/api/files/office-preview', { bodyLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024 }, async (request, reply) => {
+app.post('/api/files/document-preview-image', { bodyLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024 }, async (request, reply) => {
   const authContext = await authenticateRequest(request, reply);
 
   if (!authContext) {
     return;
   }
 
-  const parsed = officePreviewSchema.safeParse(request.body);
+  const parsed = documentPreviewSchema.safeParse(request.body);
 
   if (!parsed.success) {
     return reply.code(400).send({
-      message: 'Invalid office preview payload.',
+      message: 'Invalid document preview payload.',
       issues: parsed.error.flatten(),
     });
   }
 
-  if (!isSupportedOfficeDocument(parsed.data.fileName, parsed.data.mimeType)) {
-    return reply.code(400).send({ message: 'Only DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX files can be previewed.' });
+  if (!isSupportedPreviewDocument(parsed.data.fileName, parsed.data.mimeType)) {
+    return reply.code(400).send({ message: 'Only PDF, DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX files can be previewed.' });
   }
 
   try {
-    const pdfBuffer = await convertOfficeDocumentToPdf(parsed.data.fileName, parsed.data.fileBase64);
+    const previewImageBuffer = await createDocumentPreviewImage(
+      parsed.data.fileName,
+      parsed.data.mimeType,
+      parsed.data.fileBase64,
+    );
 
     return {
-      mimeType: 'application/pdf',
-      pdfBase64: pdfBuffer.toString('base64'),
+      mimeType: 'image/png',
+      imageBase64: previewImageBuffer.toString('base64'),
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    app.log.warn({ err: error, userId: authContext.user.id }, 'Office preview generation failed');
+    app.log.warn({ err: error, userId: authContext.user.id }, 'Document preview generation failed');
     return reply.code(422).send({
-      message: describeOfficePreviewFailure(error),
+      message: describeDocumentPreviewFailure(error),
     });
   }
 });
@@ -1348,6 +1355,52 @@ async function convertOfficeDocumentToPdf(fileName: string, fileBase64: string):
   return convertOfficeDocument(inputBuffer, '.pdf', undefined, { fileName: normalizedFileName });
 }
 
+async function createDocumentPreviewImage(
+  fileName: string,
+  mimeType: string,
+  fileBase64: string,
+): Promise<Buffer> {
+  const normalizedMimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
+  const pdfBuffer = normalizedMimeType === 'application/pdf'
+    ? decodeBase64File(fileBase64, 'The uploaded PDF is empty.')
+    : await convertOfficeDocumentToPdf(fileName, fileBase64);
+
+  return renderPdfFirstPageToPng(pdfBuffer);
+}
+
+async function renderPdfFirstPageToPng(pdfBuffer: Buffer): Promise<Buffer> {
+  const tempDirectory = await fs.promises.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'privatechat-preview-'));
+  const pdfPath = path.join(tempDirectory, 'source.pdf');
+  const outputBasePath = path.join(tempDirectory, 'page-preview');
+  const imagePath = `${outputBasePath}.png`;
+
+  try {
+    await fs.promises.writeFile(pdfPath, pdfBuffer);
+    await execFileAsync('pdftoppm', ['-png', '-f', '1', '-singlefile', pdfPath, outputBasePath]);
+    return await fs.promises.readFile(imagePath);
+  } finally {
+    await fs.promises.rm(tempDirectory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeBase64File(fileBase64: string, emptyMessage: string): Buffer {
+  const inputBuffer = Buffer.from(fileBase64, 'base64');
+
+  if (inputBuffer.byteLength === 0) {
+    throw new Error(emptyMessage);
+  }
+
+  return inputBuffer;
+}
+
+function isSupportedPreviewDocument(fileName: string, mimeType: string): boolean {
+  if (isPdfFile(fileName, mimeType)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return isSupportedOfficeDocument(fileName, mimeType);
+}
+
 function isSupportedOfficeDocument(fileName: string, mimeType: string): boolean {
   const normalizedFileName = fileName.trim().toLowerCase();
   const normalizedMimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
@@ -1363,20 +1416,27 @@ function isSupportedOfficeDocument(fileName: string, mimeType: string): boolean
   return /\.(docx|xlsx|xslx|pptx)$/i.test(normalizedFileName);
 }
 
+function isPdfFile(fileName: string, mimeType: string): boolean {
+  const normalizedFileName = fileName.trim().toLowerCase();
+  const normalizedMimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
+
+  return normalizedMimeType === 'application/pdf' || normalizedFileName.endsWith('.pdf');
+}
+
 function normalizeOfficeDocumentFileName(fileName: string): string {
   return fileName.trim().replace(/\.xslx$/i, '.xlsx');
 }
 
-function describeOfficePreviewFailure(error: unknown): string {
+function describeDocumentPreviewFailure(error: unknown): string {
   if (error && typeof error === 'object' && 'code' in error && error.code === 'ENOENT') {
-    return 'Office preview generation failed because LibreOffice is not installed on the server.';
+    return 'Document preview generation failed because a required conversion tool is missing on the server.';
   }
 
   if (error instanceof Error && error.message.trim()) {
-    return `Office preview generation failed: ${error.message}`;
+    return `Document preview generation failed: ${error.message}`;
   }
 
-  return 'Office preview generation failed.';
+  return 'Document preview generation failed.';
 }
 
 function createUser(input: {